Thursday, October 31, 2013

Probability Adverb Placement (page 43, elements 5, 6, & 7)


May and might, can and could are helping verbs. So are will and would.
Maymight, cancould, それに willwould 、それぞれは助動詞です。

You should never use more than one helping verb with a main verb, so you don't want to say,
同じ主動詞に助動詞を重ねて使うのは決まり外です。したがって、
They will might win.
Rather, you want to say,
は言いたくないでしょう。むしろ

They might win.
と言いたいはずです。

"Might", by itself, makes the mood sufficiently future.
"Might" は単独で感覚を充分に未来に持っていきます。

(I have friends who say, "I might could win that." But they are speaking Texas dialect, not standard English.)
("I might could win that."という言い方を使う友達はいますが、彼らが喋っているのは標準的な英語ではなく、テキサス弁です。)

Other than that, the preferred position for probability adverbs is usually after a positive helping verb, but before a negative one:
その話をおいて、確率関連の副詞の通常の位置は、肯定文の場合は助動詞の後、否定の場合は助動詞の前です。つまり、
I will probably win.
and
及び
I probably won't win.
But this is not a rule. There is a reason, and the position can change. In the positive,
しかしこれは文法のルールではないのです。位置にわけがあって、その位置が変わる場合もあります。例えば、肯定文にしては
I probably will win.
is a guess about the future. But,
とは将来について推測しているのですし、
I will probably win.
says you have the will to probably win.
とは、多分の勝利には確信があります。

This is generally a not a bad thing, but it is talking more about your will more than about the future.
これはそれほど悪い言い方ではないのですが、将来よりも、また未来よりも、自分の意志を伝えているのです。

In the negative,
一方、否定文にすると
I probably won't win.
is also a guess about the future, where
も、将来についての推測です。そして
I won't probably win.
says you don't want to probably win.
にすると、多分の勝利は計画外です。

This is a bit confusing, since the word "probably" is being negated. You could be expressing either confidence or doubt in your winning. So it is a construction that is rarely used.
混乱に導く言い方です。なぜなら、「多分」という言葉が取り消されるのです。勝つことに対しては確信でも疑問でもどれを伝えようとしているかがわからなくなるわけです。因って、こういう文法は珍しいのです。

So, looking at element 6:
要素6を見て
  • Technology will probably become ...
  • We will definitely be able to ...
  • We probably won't use ...
  • We might not all have ...
In the last sentence here, "might" is more about probability, and "could" is more about ability or permission.
この最後の文章には "might" は将来のことの確率を推測しているに、 "could" は機能とか許可について話しているのです。

And here are my takes on element 7, predictions about the near future:
私が要素7の回答をして、近い未来について推測すると、

People will {probably} write fewer letters, but more electronic messages.
This is more than probable, so I might leave the probability out, entirely.
これは確率の問題ではないので確率の副詞を完全に外すかも知れません。
Most likely, more people will have even more access to the Internet. Land phones will become more and more like wireless smartphones.
Again, this is more than just probable, and I move "most likely" to the front of the sentence for emphasis.
また、確率の問題ではないので、その確実性を強調するために "most likely" を文章の前に持って行く事にします。
Probably, more people will watch digital videos instead of video cassettes or DVDs or even Blue-Ray disks. HDTV will probably be replaced by internet broadcast technology, and one-seg TV will likely be picked up outside of Japan. And, probably, even more people will make their own videos.
Again, to emphasize my confidence in the trend, I've put "probably" in front of the first sentence and the last. (Yes, I think that, except for one-seg, wireless broadcast television will disappear.)
ここも、トレンドに確信があることを強調するために、最初と最後の文章の前に言っておくことにします。(まあ、そうですね。ワンセグ以外の無線テレビは言えると思います。)
Everyone will have to become more conscious of how they use water.
Again, this is not a matter of probability.
これもまた、確率のことがらではない。
Instead of mobile phones or smartphones, people will probably start carrying small mobile computers.
(Why do I think smartphones are not true mobile computers? Well, that's not English, maybe I'll get a chance to blog about it on one of my personal blogs.)
(なぜスマホンが本物の携帯コンピュータではないとボクが思うのですか?まあ、英語のことではないのですね。運が良かったら、ボクの別のブログにそんなことを論じる機会ができるかも。)
Organic methods of growing foods will have to become more systemized, and most people will probably start growing some of the food they eat, themselves.
(Organic is still not a very well-defined term, but it represents a trend against the nutrition-robbing mass production methods used by big farms.)
(「有機栽培」というものはまだ正確な定義がありませんけど、大牧場で利用されている栄養を減少する大量栽培方法に対抗する傾向を代表します。)

That pretty much covers what we did in class with probability adverbs.

No comments:

Post a Comment

Remember that others can read your comments.